/* ============================================
   HOMEPAGE - Chapter Cards & Photo Grid
   ============================================ */

/* Ensure smooth scrolling */
html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* ============================================
   ANIMATIONS - Keyframes
   ============================================ */

/* Basic fade in from below */
@keyframes fadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(20px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

/* Slow zoom for hero background (Ken Burns effect) */
@keyframes kenBurns {
    from {
        transform: scale(1.05);
    }
    to {
        transform: scale(1.15);
    }
}

/* Subtle float animation for article link cards */
@keyframes subtleFloat {
    0%, 100% {
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
    50% {
        transform: translateY(-4px);
    }
}

/* Slide up reveal for chapter text */
@keyframes slideUpReveal {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(40px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

/* Image reveal - clip path */
@keyframes imageReveal {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: scale(1.1);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: scale(1);
    }
}

/* Hero entrance */
.fade-in {
    animation: fadeIn 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) forwards;
}

.fade-in-delay {
    opacity: 0;
    animation: fadeIn 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) 0.4s forwards;
}

/* Scroll-triggered fade-in with stagger support */
.scroll-fade {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(40px);
    transition: opacity 1s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), 
                transform 1s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.scroll-fade.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* -------- Photo item individual fade-in --------
   Each photo-item gets its own IntersectionObserver
   so fade-in timing is tied to when the photo itself
   scrolls into view (not the parent card). */

.photo-fade {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px) scale(0.98);
    transition: opacity 0.9s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
                transform 0.9s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
    will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.photo-fade.photo-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
}

/* -------- Pull quote slide-in from right -------- */

@keyframes quoteSlideInRight {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(60px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateX(0);
    }
}

/* Override default scroll-fade motion for pull-quotes: slide from right */
.pull-quote.scroll-fade {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(60px);
    transition: opacity 1.5s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
                transform 1.5s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.pull-quote.scroll-fade.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
}

/* -------- Typewriter effect --------
   Characters are pre-rendered invisible so the paragraph keeps
   its final size from the start (no layout shift as text appears).
   Cursor blinks forever once typing has begun. */

.typewriter {
    /* Reserve block space even before any character becomes visible */
    min-height: 1em;
}

/* Each character starts invisible but takes up its natural width */
.tw-char {
    opacity: 0;
    /* Short fade so character 'pops' in cleanly */
    transition: opacity 0.08s linear;
}

.tw-char.tw-visible {
    opacity: 1;
}

/* Blinking cursor sits inline at the end of the paragraph */
.typewriter-active::after {
    content: '|';
    display: inline-block;
    margin-left: 2px;
    font-weight: 300;
    color: currentColor;
    animation: typewriterBlink 0.8s step-end infinite;
}

@keyframes typewriterBlink {
    0%, 50%   { opacity: 1; }
    50.01%, 100% { opacity: 0; }
}

/* ============================================
   HERO SECTION - Silhouette background
   ============================================ */

.hero-section {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 45vh;
    min-height: 300px;
    max-height: 600px;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: flex;
    /* Push hero text down toward bottom for better composition */
    align-items: flex-end;
    justify-content: center;
    padding-bottom: 3rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .hero-section {
        padding-bottom: 4rem;
    }
}

.hero-bg {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 1;
}

.hero-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
    animation: kenBurns 20s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

.hero-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(
        135deg,
        rgba(30, 70, 32, 0.55) 0%,
        rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.65) 100%
    );
}

.hero-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0 1.5rem;
    max-width: 90rem;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.hero-title {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 4.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.05;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2vw, 1.35rem);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    text-shadow: 0 1px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* ============================================
   SECTION INTRO TEXT
   Styled intro paragraph above chapter cards
   ============================================ */

.section-intro {
    max-width: 48rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    margin-left: 2rem;
    margin-right: 2rem;
    padding: 1rem 0;
    position: relative;
}

/* Decorative accent line above intro */
.section-intro::before {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    width: 60px;
    height: 3px;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    opacity: 0.4;
}

.section-intro-text {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.75rem);
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.55;
    letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .section-intro {
        margin-bottom: 5rem;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   PULL QUOTE TYPOGRAPHY
   Distinctive serif quote styling
   ============================================ */

.pull-quote {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 42rem;
    margin: 2.5rem 0 2.5rem 0;
    padding: 1.5rem 0 1.5rem 2rem;
}

/* Large decorative opening quote mark */
.pull-quote::before {
    content: '\201C';
    position: absolute;
    left: -0.5rem;
    top: -1.5rem;
    font-family: 'Baskervville', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 5rem;
    line-height: 1;
    opacity: 0.3;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.pull-quote-text {
    font-family: 'Baskervville', Georgia, serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
    font-style: italic;
    line-height: 1.35;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
}

.pull-quote-cite {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-style: normal;
    opacity: 0.85;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .pull-quote {
        padding-left: 2.5rem;
        margin: 3rem 0;
    }
    
    .pull-quote::before {
        font-size: 6rem;
        left: -0.25rem;
        top: -2rem;
    }
}

/* Standalone pull-quote variant: transitional quote between chapter cards.
   Larger, more breathing room, centered, no card background behind it. */
.pull-quote-standalone {
    max-width: 48rem;
    margin: 3rem auto;
    padding: 2rem 1rem 2rem 3rem;
    text-align: left;
}

.pull-quote-standalone .pull-quote-text {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.pull-quote-standalone::before {
    font-size: 7rem;
    top: -2.5rem;
    left: 0.25rem;
    opacity: 0.25;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .pull-quote-standalone {
        margin: 4rem auto;
        padding-left: 4rem;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   TRANSITION SECTION - Gradient bridge
   From nature green to tech blue
   ============================================ */

.transition-section {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 5rem 0;
    /* Gradient bridges the two section colors */
    background: linear-gradient(
        to bottom,
        #d4edda 0%,
        #e8f0ea 35%,
        #e4ecee 50%,
        #dce7ef 65%,
        #cfe2f3 100%
    );
    position: relative;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .transition-section {
        padding: 6rem 0;
    }
}

.transition-text {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.75rem);
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.6;
    text-align: center;
    /* Gradient text color blending the two palettes */
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #1e4620 0%, #0c2340 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    color: transparent;
    max-width: 40rem;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* ============================================
   CHAPTER CARD
   Rounded card containing story + photo grid
   ============================================ */

.chapter-card {
    border-radius: 1.2rem;
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .chapter-card {
        padding: 3rem 2.5rem;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
    .chapter-card {
        padding: 4rem 3.5rem;
    }
}

.chapter-label {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.chapter-title {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.1;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.chapter-text {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    max-width: 42rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .chapter-text {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }
}


/* ============================================
   ARTICLE LINK CARD
   Shorter standout card (~60% height of square)
   ============================================ */

.article-link {
    display: block;
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), 
                box-shadow 0.4s ease;
    /* Layered shadow: tight contact shadow + softer elevation shadow.
       Makes the card feel lifted and obviously clickable. */
    box-shadow:
        0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08),
        0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18),
        0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    grid-column: span 1;
    /* 60% of normal square - wider than tall */
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 0.6;
    /* Stick to the top edge of the grid cell, not centered */
    align-self: start;
}

.article-link:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.02);
    /* Deepen the shadow on hover to reinforce the lift */
    box-shadow:
        0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),
        0 14px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25),
        0 22px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
}

.article-link-inner {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    padding: 1rem 1rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.article-link-label {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    opacity: 0.75;
}

.article-link-title {
    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.15;
    margin-top: auto;
}

.article-link-arrow {
    position: absolute;
    top: 1rem;
    right: 1.25rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.article-link:hover .article-link-arrow {
    transform: translate(4px, -4px);
}

/* Article link short variant - explicit override */
.article-link-short {
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 0.8;
    grid-column: span 1;
}

/* Blank grid cell - creates visual breathing room */
.photo-item.blank {
    background: transparent !important;
    border: none;
    pointer-events: none;
    box-shadow: none !important;
}

/* ============================================
   PHOTO GRID SYSTEM
   Only landscape (2x1) and square (1x1) images
   ============================================ */

.photo-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 0.8rem;
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: 2.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .photo-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
    .photo-grid {
        gap: 2rem;
    }
}

/* Photo Item Base */
.photo-item {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 1rem;
}

.photo-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.photo-item:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Square Images (1x1) */
.photo-item.square {
    grid-column: span 1;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
}

/* Landscape Images (2x1) */
.photo-item.landscape {
    grid-column: span 2;
    aspect-ratio: 2.1 / 1;
}

/* Desktop: Landscape takes 2 columns in 4-column grid.
   Aspect-ratio is cleared so the landscape stretches to match
   the row height defined by adjacent squares — otherwise the
   column gap makes landscape = (2col + gap)/2 > square height. */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .photo-item.landscape {
        grid-column: span 2;
        /* aspect-ratio: auto; */
        height: 100%;
    }
    
    .photo-item.square {
        grid-column: span 1;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   PER-CHAPTER DESKTOP GRID LAYOUTS
   Mobile keeps the 2-col auto-flow (with blanks
   providing pleasant asymmetry). At >=768px each
   chapter card uses explicit grid placement so
   every column holds at least one image or link,
   and each card has its own distinct rhythm.
   ============================================ */

@media (min-width: 768px) {

    /* Article-link stays 1 column (small, like mobile) in all layouts */
    .chapter-grid > .article-link {
        grid-column: span 1;
    }

    /* ---------- Mount Kinabalu ----------
       Row 1: [ landscape (span 2) ][ me-at-peak ][ lows-peak ]
       Row 2: [ blank ][ blank ][ article-link ][ empty ]
       Columns covered: c1,c2 (landscape), c3 (me-at-peak/article),
                        c4 (lows-peak)
    */
    .chapter-grid--kinabalu > *:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1 / span 2; grid-row: 1; } /* landscape */
    .chapter-grid--kinabalu > *:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 2;          grid-row: 2; } /* me-at-peak */
    .chapter-grid--kinabalu > *:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 1;          grid-row: 2; } /* blank */
    .chapter-grid--kinabalu > *:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 3;          grid-row: 1; } /* blank */
    .chapter-grid--kinabalu > *:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 4;          grid-row: 1; } /* lows-peak */
    .chapter-grid--kinabalu > *:nth-child(6) { grid-column: 3;          grid-row: 2; } /* article-link */

    /* ---------- TNBYY ----------
       Row 1: [ landscape (span 2) ][ mossy ][ elephant ]
       Row 2: [ article-link ][ blank ][ empty ][ empty ]
       (article-link on the LEFT for visual variety vs Kinabalu)
    */
    .chapter-grid--tnbyy > *:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1 / span 2; grid-row: 1; } /* landscape */
    .chapter-grid--tnbyy > *:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 4;          grid-row: 2; } /* mossy */
    .chapter-grid--tnbyy > *:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 4;          grid-row: 1; } /* blank */
    .chapter-grid--tnbyy > *:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 2;          grid-row: 2; } /* article-link */
    .chapter-grid--tnbyy > *:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 3;          grid-row: 1; } /* elephant */

    /* ---------- Tech / Education ----------
       Row 1: [ blank ][ landscape (span 2) ][ technology ]
       Row 2: [ kids ][ blank ][ empty ][ article-link ]
       (article-link far-right — third distinct position)
    */
    .chapter-grid--tech > *:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 2 / span 2; grid-row: 1; } /* landscape */
    .chapter-grid--tech > *:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 1;          grid-row: 2; } /* kids */
    .chapter-grid--tech > *:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 1;          grid-row: 1; } /* blank */
    .chapter-grid--tech > *:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 2;          grid-row: 2; } /* blank */
    .chapter-grid--tech > *:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 4;          grid-row: 1; } /* technology */
    .chapter-grid--tech > *:nth-child(6) { grid-column: 4;          grid-row: 2; } /* article-link */
}

/* ============================================
   RESPONSIVE TYPOGRAPHY
   ============================================ */

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .font-lato,
    .font-raleway {
        line-height: 1.5;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATIONS
   ============================================ */

.photo-item img {
    will-change: transform;
}

section {
    will-change: background-color;
}

/* Respect user motion preferences */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
    
    .scroll-fade {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: none;
    }

    /* Make photos visible immediately for users who prefer reduced motion */
    .photo-fade {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: none;
    }

    /* Stop cursor blinking */
    .typewriter-active::after {
        animation: none;
        opacity: 0;
    }
    
    .photo-item:hover img {
        transform: none;
    }
}

/* ============================================
   HOMEPAGE-SCOPED HEADER & FOOTER
   Light green header (nature) + light blue footer (tech)
   Only active when body has .home-page class
   ============================================ */

/* Contain the slide-in pull-quote (translateX(60px)) at the section
   level using `overflow-x: clip`. Unlike `overflow-x: hidden`, `clip`
   does NOT promote the element to a scroll container, so it won't
   interfere with iOS Safari's document-root scroll gestures (toolbar
   minimize on scroll). The body keeps its tailwind `overflow-x-hidden`
   class as a final safety net, matching every other page on the site. */
body.home-page #nature-section,
body.home-page #tech-section,
body.home-page .transition-section {
    overflow-x: clip;
}

/* Header in light green matching nature section.
   Extra padding-bottom so the green extends seamlessly into
   the breathing gap above the hero (no white gutter). */
body.home-page > header {
    background-color: #d4edda;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(30, 70, 32, 0.08);
    padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    body.home-page > header {
        padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
    }
}

/* Logo text in deep green instead of default navy */
body.home-page .home-logo {
    color: #1e4620; /* nature-900 */
}

/* -------- Nav link styling (homepage only) -------- */

/* Default nav link: deep green text on transparent bg */
body.home-page .home-nav .nav-link {
    color: #1e4620; /* nature-900 */
    background-color: transparent;
    transition: background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Hover & focus: soft green pill background */
body.home-page .home-nav .nav-link:hover,
body.home-page .home-nav .nav-link:focus-visible {
    background-color: #a9d3af; /* nature-400 */
    color: #1e4620; /* stay nature-900 */
    outline: none;
}

/* Active page indicator: solid medium green pill with light text */
body.home-page .home-nav .nav-link-active {
    background-color: #447f46; /* nature-500 */
    color: #f7fff9; /* nature-50 */
}

body.home-page .home-nav .nav-link-active:hover,
body.home-page .home-nav .nav-link-active:focus-visible {
    /* Slightly deeper green on hover to signal interactivity */
    background-color: #3f7b4f; /* nature-600 */
    color: #f7fff9;
}

/* Footer in light blue matching tech section */
body.home-page > footer.footer {
    background-color: #cfe2f3;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(12, 35, 64, 0.08);
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 0;
}

/* Ensure footer text color reads well on blue bg */
body.home-page > footer.footer .copyright,
body.home-page > footer.footer .cookie-notice {
    color: #0c2340;
}